手打一些小常识
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="5">触电急救法</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、火速切断电源</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">①立即拉下闸门或关闭电源开关</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">拔掉插头</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">使触电者很快脱离电源</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="5">②急救者利用竹杆、木棍、塑料制品、橡胶制品、皮制品挑开接触病人的电源，使病人迅速脱离电源。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、如患者仍在漏电的机器上时，赶快用干燥的绝缘棉农、棉被将病人推开。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、未切断电源之前，抢救者切忌用自己的手直接去拉触电者，这样自己也会立即触电而伤，再有人拉这位触电者也会同样触电，因人体是导体，极易传电。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、确认心跳停止时，在用人工呼吸和胸外心脏压后，才可使用强心剂。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、触电灼烧伤应合理包扎。在高空高压线触电抢救中，要注意再摔伤。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">、急救者最好穿胶鞋，跳在木板上保护自身。心跳呼吸停止还可心内或静脉注射肾上腺素、异丙肾上腺素。血压仍低时，可注射阿拉明、多巴胺，呼吸不规则注射尼可刹米、山梗菜碱。</span></font></p><p><font size="5"></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">迷路后的急救法</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如果怀疑自己迷了路，盲目地继续前进，处境会更糟。不要惊慌，请坐下来。做做深呼吸，仔细回忆一下经过的房屋、溪流或其它地理特征，以追寻自己曾经走过的路线。静静地坐上几分钟。有地图的话，先查一查图例，看看每个符号代表什么，并且找出自己立足处大概在地图上哪能一区。看看周围有没有与地理标识相符的地理特征。在地图上找出迷路前的位置，然后回忆一下经过的房屋，溪流或其它地理特征，以追寻自己曾经走过的路线。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">查看地图上的等高线，以了解周围的地形。等高线彼此相距较远表示山势平缓，没有等高线表示平原或宽阔山脊，等高线绕成指纹状则多是山嘴或山谷。如果没有纸笔，可用手指粗略测算距离，一般来说，成人的食指从指尖到第一个关节约长</span><chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="米" sourcevalue="2.5" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2.5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米</span></chmetcnv><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">转动地图，使图上标的与它所代表的地理特征在同一方向，然后按图选取某个方向走到大路或有人烟的地方。</span></font></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="5">从地图上看清楚前行的路线上有没有障碍，如果有，应另觅一条路线绕过去。利用地图与实地同一地理特征作为引导。边前行边留意两旁景物，参看地图中估计走了多远。</font></span> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">风雨中迷路自救</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如带着地图，查看有没有危险地带。例如，密集的等高线表示陡峭的山崖，应该绕道而行。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">溪涧流向显示下山的路线，但不要贴近溪涧而行，因为山上流水浸蚀河道的力量很强，河岸都非常陡峭。所以，应该循水声沿溪流下山。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">下山时留意有没有农舍或其它可避风雨的地方，小径附近通常都可找藏身之所。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="5">4、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">别走近长着浅绿、穗状草丛的洼地，那里很可能是沼泽。</font><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">黑夜迷路自救</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如有月光，可看到四周环境，应该设法走向公路或农舍。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如果身处漆黑的山中，看不清四周环境，不要继续行走，应该找个藏身之处，例如墙垣或岩石背风的一面。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如果带有维生袋，应该钻进里面，几个人挤成一团能保温暖。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">这样，即使没有维生袋也能熬过寒夜，中间位置最为温暖，因此应该不时互相易位。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">黑夜迷路自救</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如有月光，可看到四周环境，应该设法走向公路或农舍。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如果身处漆黑的山中，看不清四周环境，不要继续行走，应该找个藏身之处，例如墙垣或岩石背风的一面。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如果带有维生袋，应该钻进里面，几个人挤成一团能保温暖。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">这样，即使没有维生袋也能熬过寒夜，中间位置最为温暖，因此应该不时互相易位。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="5">雪地迷路自救</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">雪反射的白光与天空的颜色一样时，地形变得模糊不清；地平线、高度、深度和阴影完全隐去。爬山运动员和探险家称这种现象为“乳白天空”。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">此时，最好停下来，等待乳白天空消失。如等待时有暴风雨来临，应挖空雪堆做个坑，或扩大树根部分的雪坑，然后躲进去。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如有维生袋在背后垫上树叶枯草，以隔开冰冷地面，然后躲进去。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">4、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">尽量多穿几层衣服，若最外层衣服有钮扣或拉链，先扣好、拉上，然后套在上身。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">5、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在衣服内交叉双臂，手掌夹于腋下，以保温暖。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">6、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如必须继续前进，可利用地图和指南针寻找方向。一边走一边向前仍雪球，留意雪球落在什么地方和怎样滚动，以探测斜坡的斜向。如果雪球一去无踪，前面很可能就是悬崖。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="5"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="5">雾中迷路自救</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">拿出地图，并转至与指南针同向，然后决定向哪个方向走。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">循指南针所指，朝自己要走的方向望去，选定一个容易辨认的目标，例如岩石、乔木、蕨叶等。向目标走去，再循指南针寻找前面的另一个目标。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">连续使用这个方法，直至脱离雾锁。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">4、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如果没有地图或指南针，应该留在原地，等待雾霭消散。</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="5">无地图妙识方向法</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">就算没有地图和指南针，也可能找到通往安全地方的路线。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">首先考虑能否返回刚才走过的大路。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">不可能往回走时，就观察环境。如看见道路或必会有路相接的东西，例如房屋，电线杆等，应朝它走去。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">4、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如果能从四周的地理特征约略推断自己身在何处，就走向最接近的道路，小路，铁路，河流等。边前进边留意路旁景物，估计出自己走了多远。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">5、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">与前进道路垂直的道路，河流等目标是最佳选择，因为就算前进时微偏离了原定路线也能找到。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">6、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">公路、输电线和电话线的正路有人定期巡查，你不用等很久就会遇到人，他们会帮你找到该走的路。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">7、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如找不到可靠的地理特征，可利用太阳分辨方向，以决定朝哪个方向走。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">8、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">正午时，北半球太阳在天顶靠南，南半球则在天顶靠北。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">9、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如太阳被云层挡住拿小刀刃或指甲锉缘竖放在塑料信用卡或拇指甲之类有光泽的平面上，从平面上找出淡淡的阴影。太阳就在与阴影相反的方向。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">10、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如有指针的腕表并已校准当地时间可用下述方法辨别方向：把腕表平放，时针指向太阳，并想象是有一条线把时针与</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">点的夹角一分为二。比方说，如果是下午</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">点，分角线就会通过</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">点。这条分角线在北半球会指向正南，在南半球则指向正北。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><font size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">11、<span style="FONT: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">如云层厚密见不到太阳，可观察树干或岩石上的苔藓。苔藓通常长在背光处，在北半球，朝北或东北那面苔藓较多，在南半球，则朝南或东南那面苔藓较多。不过，利用苔藓推测方向并不准确，因此，如有阳光穿过云层时，就应该利用太阳来确定方向。</span></font></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font size="5">如须在原地逗留一些时候，可竖立一根棍子在平地上测方向。每隔一个小时左右，在棍子顶端阴影处做一个记号，把记号连成一线，就会指向东西两方。</font></span> <p>现在数码相机，和偶那老海鸥区别大，焦距等......</p><p>叫逃生法更准确些</p> 原来这里是小学生科普课...... 嗯嗯瑶瑶这些万一用得上时麻。。。。 <p>安全用电要普及。。。。</p>
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