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标题:
[转帖]“文章太守”惠泽名城 扬城百姓永记“前贤”
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不让阿错爱看云
时间:
2007-9-9 07:37
标题:
[转帖]“文章太守”惠泽名城 扬城百姓永记“前贤”
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="97%" align="center" border="0" style="TABLE-LAYOUT: fixed;"><tbody><tr><td class="logt"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“文章太守”惠泽名城</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;"></span></b> </p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">扬城百姓永记“前贤”</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中国古时候也有“明星崇拜”,甚至把他们作为圣贤顶礼摩拜。祭祀前贤不同于祭祀仙佛,无非是地方人士对离去者表达怀念、崇敬之意,被供奉者往往属于那些有清正廉洁的官员地方大吏,或对当地有贡献的文人学者、拼死武将,而膜拜者通常限于社会上层及文化界人士。例如扬州的“史公祠”是为了纪念抵抗清军民族英雄史可法;双忠祠是祭祀抵抗元兵的南宋大臣李庭芝和姜才。不少地方有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三贤祠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。武夷山</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三贤祠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,它始建于南宋绍兴十七年(公元</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1147</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年),祠堂里供奉的是朱熹的先生刘子翚、朱熹、刘甫的神位。山东济南的三贤祠,祀宋代青州三任知府范仲淹、欧阳修、富弼。滁州人把陈琏和欧阳修、王禹偁为三贤祠。河南邓州市的三贤祠供奉着</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">位历史人物韩愈、寇准和范仲淹。杭州西湖孤山竹阁的三贤祠供奉的是白居易、林和靖、苏东坡。明清时襄樊人民纪念死守樊城的宋代英雄范天顺、牛富、张汉英而建“三贤祠”。当然还有“四贤祠”、“五贤祠”,甚至无锡有“十贤堂”、苏州有“五百名贤祠”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">古代扬州,人文荟萃,扬州历任地方官中,亦不乏德才兼备的俊逸之士,素有“文章太守”之誉。康熙年间在平山堂晴空阁(后称真赏楼)上祀欧阳修、韩琦、刘锜、刁约、王安石、苏东坡六人,以王士祯、金镇、汪懋麟三人为配。这九个简介如下:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">欧阳修(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1007</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1072</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)江西吉水人。字永叔,别号醉翁、六一居士,谥“文忠”。天圣年间中进士,北宋文学家、史学家、诗文革新运动的领袖,唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修于庆历二年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1042</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),参与范仲淹的“庆历新政”失败后遭贬谪,于庆历五年贬为滁州太守。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">庆历八年知扬州,建平山堂。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">42</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">岁的欧阳修初到杨州后,政务庞杂,应接尤多,但纲目不</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">乱,关心民瘼,秤击暴敛,深受百姓爱戴。欧公在公务之余,寄情干山水诗酒,游目骋怀,筑平山堂作讲学、游宴之所,数月而成。平山堂前筑石台,围以栏槛,欧公亲植柳树,时称“欧公柳”。因望江南诸山,含青吐翠,飞扑于眉睫而恰与堂平;加之欧公内心所思,江南及各路诸才子,若可攀跻,寄此情于此景之中,故定堂名为“平山堂”。欧阳修知扬州时,民感其德,曾建生祠于“旧城”,岁久祠废,后移于平山堂后。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">韩琦(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1008</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1075</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)字稚圭。相州安阳人。北宁名臣,三朝元老,官至宰相,封魏国公。善诗文,亦工小词。仁宗庆历五年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1045</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)为扬州太守时,曾以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">[</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">望江南</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">]</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">词调写《淮扬好》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">首歌颂扬州的繁华。其中名句有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“二十四桥千步柳,春风十里上珠帘。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">刘锜(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1098</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1162</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),字信叔,德顺军(今甘肃静宁)人。在宋金南北对峙、保卫江南半壁河山的战争中,英勇抗战,多次粉碎金军的进攻,做出了重要贡献,赢得了人民的尊敬,与岳飞等并称中兴四将。绍兴三十一年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1161</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),金主完颜亮亲统大军</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">60</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万南下,长驱大进。三十一年六月,刘锜移骑军渡江屯驻扬州。面对金军大举南下的形势,宋高宗想借助刘锜顺昌之战建功的威名,任命刘锜为淮南、浙西、江南东西路制置使,以建康府都统制王权为副使。八月,刘锜扶病出镇扬州,并派部将王刚屯守宝应</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">今属江苏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,又派部将吴超进驻淮河南岸的盱眙军</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">今盱眙县</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。十月,刘锜又兼京东、河北东路招讨使。随后扶病前驻盱眙军部署防务,又沿淮河进至淮阴,正当刘锜在淮东抗击金兵,主管淮西防务的王权及其部属,当金军渡淮南下,便即不战而逃。面对金军临江的形势,宋高宗以金字牌召刘锜退兵守江。刘锜自淮阴退到扬州时,金军已占领真州</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">今仪征</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。刘锜退守长江边的瓜洲镇,无日不战,为稳定人心,又将妻、子从镇江渡江迁来瓜洲。金军占领扬州后,以重兵南下争夺瓜洲渡,与刘锜部将左军统领员琦相遇于皂角林,员</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">琦陷重围,下马死战数十合,中军第四将王佐以步卒百有四人往林中设伏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,杀败金兵,金又派大量生力军前来,刘锜也派两军支援员琦,双方恶战大半天,金军死伤三千余人,战败退兵。皂角林之战是此次金军南犯以来首次失利的恶战,被列入南宋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中兴十三处战功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">之一。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">刁约(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">994</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1077</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),字景纯,润州丹徒(今属江苏)人。年轻时刻苦好学</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">应举京师</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">与欧阳修、富彦国声誉不相高下。曾为开封府推官、两浙转运使、工部郎中等职。嘉佑八年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1063</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)出任扬州知府,重修山堂。挂冠归,筑室润州</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">号“藏春坞”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">日游息其中。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王安石(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1021</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1086</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年),字介甫,江西临川(今江西抚州)人。庆历四年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1044</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年)进士第四名及第之后,曾在当时的扬州太守韩琦手下任签书淮南</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">扬州</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">节度判官厅公事,类似于现在的扬州市政府办公厅主任科员。另外扬州人要感谢王安石的是他传诵不绝的名诗《泊船瓜洲》:“京口瓜洲一水间,钟山只隔数重山。春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还?”当然王安石与韩琦还有“四相簪花”的典故。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">苏轼(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1037</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1107</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)字子瞻,号东坡居士。四川眉山人。北宋文学家、书画家。英宗嘉祐进士,官至翰林学士、礼部尚书。因屡遭贬抑,迁徙频繁,曾多次道经扬州,在扬州写下诗、词多首。元佑七年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1092</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)二月任扬州知府,八月离任,历时半年。疏请缓催农民因灾积欠等;罢去劳民伤财的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万花会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">;疏请恢复江淮发运旧政,允船夫私载少量货物。苏轼为纪念恩师欧阳修建“谷林堂”,堂成后作五言诗曰:</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“深谷下窈窕,高林合扶疏。美哉新堂成,及地秋风初。我来适雨过,物至如娱予。稚竹真可人,霜节已专车。老槐苦无赖,风花欲填渠。山鸦争呼号,溪蝉独清虚。寄怀劳生外,得句幽梦余。古今正自同,岁月何必书。”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以诗的第一、二句的第二个字“谷”“林”为堂名。并先后写下《双石》、《石塔寺》、《惠崇春江晚景》等诗及奏疏、文章多篇,表达其热爱扬州、关心人民疾苦的心情。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">王士祯(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1634</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1711</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)字子真,一字贻上,号阮亭,晚号渔洋册人。山东新城(今山东桓台)人。顺冶十二年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1655</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)进士,这至刑部尚书。曾于顺治十六年任扬州府推官,任职</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,除奸苏良,兴利去弊,颇有政声。且礼名士,广交诗友,倡导风雅,成为当时文坛的领袖人物,有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">昼了公事,夜接词人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">之誉。曾先后于康熙元年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1662</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)、康熙三年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1664</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)两次与名士诗人在红桥行修禊之礼,写《浣溪沙·红桥怀古》、《冶春词》多首,唱和众多,时称诗坛盛事。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">金镇(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1622</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1685</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),字又鏣,号长真,山阴(今浙江绍兴)人。明崇祯十五年举人,入清,官至江南按察使。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">汪懋麟(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1640</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1688</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)字季甪,号蛟门。扬州人。康熙六年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1667</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)进士,历官内阁中、刑部主事,曾入史馆纂修《明史》。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">清康熙十二年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1673</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),扬州太守金长真与刑部主事江都汪懋麟于扩建山堂,并建“真赏楼”,取欧阳修</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">遥知为我留真赏</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">句命名,后孔尚任改题曰</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">晴空阁</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,亦取欧阳修</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平山栏槛倚晴空</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">句义。山堂落成,金长真</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">扬州知府</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有《朝中措》词,其和者有名士吴菌茨、程昆仑、毛大可等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">余人,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">凡此皆一时之胜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">;金长真有《修复山堂诗》,也有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多人皆有诗相和。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">后来扬州士民有人建议只祭祀欧、苏、王三贤,但一直未果。乾隆二十年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(1755)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,程梦星的“筱园”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">将圮。两淮都盐运使卢见曾,与扬州程梦星为同年友。他在</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“筱园”里葺治三贤祠。以“春雨阁”祀宋欧阳修、苏轼、王士禛,而其他诸贤从祧,即后人所称的三贤祠。内有对联:“江海宿缘深,渊石犹留古吴郡;轩楹遗址拓,瓣香长溯旧书斋”。以“小漪南水亭”改名“苏亭”,以“今有堂”改名“旧雨亭”。在堂后仿照弹指阁样式建</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“仰止楼”,卢见曾撰“夕阳双寺外,春水塘西”悬挂楼中。又在建小室十数间,招僧竹堂居于此,以守三贤香火。其下增小亭,颜曰“瑞芍”。程令延曾绘《三贤祠图》,今已散佚。卢见曾准备将程梦星也陪祀三贤祠。由于身份不称未果。乾隆二十三年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(1758)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">卢雅雨曾召文人雅士于扬州红桥三贤祠集会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">袁枚与郑板桥也参加了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">筱园于乾隆四十九年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1784</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)归盐商汪廷璋,人称为汪园。为观赏芍药盛开美景,他特意在筱园芍药圃中兴工建了一座</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">瑞芍亭</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,以给三贤祠平添景致。自筱园归汪氏后,又撤三贤神主到长春桥西桃花庵花园之桐轩。卢见曾撰联:“一代两文忠,到处风流标胜迹;三贤同俎豆,何人尚友似先生。”郑板桥撰联:“遗韵满江淮,三家一律;爱才如性命,异世同心。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">到了嘉庆、道光年间,三贤祠内又增祀了一位人物,这位人物便是伊秉绶,于是“三贤”成了“四贤”。伊秉绶,字组似,号墨卿,默庵。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1754</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年(清干隆十九年)生于福建宁化。乾隆五十四年进士。累官至刑部郎中。先后任浙江、湖南、广东、江苏等地知县、知州、知府,为官清正,关心民间疾苦,有善政。尤其在任江苏扬州知府时,正值水灾,他亲驾小舟视察灾情,千方百计置设粥点,救济灾民。他还整顿吏治,惩治奸猾,加强治安。伊秉绶还为“隋炀帝陵”题碑。为平山堂题联:“隔江诸山到此堂下;太守之宴与众宾欢”。他是一位既有文名,又有政声的文章太守。嘉庆年间海陵(今泰州市)人仲振履为伊秉绶画了山水画,题诗:“江南江北佳丽场,风流第一夸维扬。何幸三贤得其四,又见玉皇香案吏。”这说明伊氏在他生前,早就被人认定为扬州第四贤,足见他当日在嘉庆朝文名之广、政声之佳。嘉庆二十一年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1816</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),逝世于扬州。未及一月地方士民增祀他的木主于三贤祠,与历史上曾为扬州百姓作过贡献的名贤太守欧阳修、苏东坡和王渔洋并列。里人李周南画了一幅《伊墨卿太守〈平山增祀图〉》,题句为:“千古两文忠,渔洋一脉通。何人能尚友?旷代有伊公”,把四位前贤放在一个水平线上加以崇奉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三贤祠迁至桃花庵内,据《清稗类钞》中说:“卢雅雨为两淮运使,在平山堂篠园筑三贤祠,祀欧、苏两文忠,配以文简,四方游客,每来谒祠,辄有微辞,以文简不称与欧、苏同祀也。旋复移三贤祠於桃花庵,又以汀州伊墨卿太守附入为四贤祠”。又据梁章钜《楹联丛话》中引清代扬州辑佚大家黄奭曰:“扬州三贤祠,旧以王渔洋继欧、苏后,已不甚称。后更奉伊墨卿太守长生禄位于旁,而议者益起”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">道光年间裁撤盐政后,湖上园林岁修无主,颓废不堪。两淮盐运使李兰卿榷使独能捐廉,重修江山文选楼、桃花庵各处,桃花庵内桐轩供奉欧阳修、苏轼和韩琦三人,仍称三贤祠。而在祠侧另建载酒堂,用来祭祀王士禛。这样香火始正。李兰卿并为载酒堂撰联云:“昼了公事,夜接诗人,得句皆堪作图画;修禊虹桥,访碑禅智,此才真不负江山。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">道光二十六年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1846</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)梁章钜、梁恭辰父子在扬州与黄奭、罗茗香同游三贤祠,共同商讨为这里写一组对联。黄奭于是杂举《东坡志林》、《墨庄漫录》、《避暑录》事,为合拟一联云:“四朵兆金瓯,是二千石美谈,不因五色书云,谁识名流皆五马;万花停玉局,惟六一堂如旧,若溯三贤谥典,合将祠额署三忠。”罗茗香也拟一联云:“胜地景芳徽,卅载三贤俱典郡;同龛昭祀典,两文一献共称忠。”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">韩谥忠献,欧、苏并谥文忠,合为“两文一献三忠”</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">梁章钜说:“此前后两联俱见典雅,非不学人所能办,当不让李兰卿独步于前矣”。“卅载三贤俱典郡”按照梁章钜的解释是:韩忠献之守扬在庆历六年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1046</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),欧阳文忠则在庆历八年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1048</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),距苏文忠之元丰(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1078</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1085</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">)守扬,时恰三十余年。其实苏轼出任扬州知府是在元祐七年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1092</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">),距离了四十几年,但这并不影响此联整体的典雅。过了几日,罗茗香又拟一联云:“杨柳拂堤塍,追溯前徽,于宋历仁宗两世;桃花遍祠宇,传来美谥,至今合文献三忠。”</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">光绪三年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1877</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年)扬州课桑局又改建三贤祠于在长春岭对岸。民国四年(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1915</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年)湖上建徐园,并筑冶春后社于园内。冶春后社的诗人移王士禛的木主供于冶春后社。而三贤祠内只供欧、苏木主。到民国二十年左右,三贤祠荒废。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">扬州应该恢复这一人文景观,让大家永远记住这些对扬州有所贡献的“文章太守”!</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><p></p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><table height="30" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="97%" align="center" border="0"><tbody><tr><td id="com" height="30"> 作者:三风堂堂主</td></tr></tbody></table>
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